Discussie over vitamine D

Denk aan vitamine D, vitamine B12, selenium, maar ook aan biotine en sint-janskruid
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laura
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Lid geworden op: 11 sep 2013, 22:42
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Re: Discussie over vitamine D

Bericht door laura »

Amethist schreef: 04 dec 2017, 00:18 De traag werkende schildklier gaat terug normaal functioneren bij het innemen van l-thyroxine maar zal niet genezen.
Nee, zo werkt het niet. Zou wel prettig zijn.
Door de levothyroxine (=T4) vul je het tekort aan van je FT4-niveau.
De levothyroxine maakt je schildklier niet beter.
In die zin is het een supplement, en geen medicatie.
laura

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Eekhoorn
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Lid geworden op: 13 okt 2013, 12:09

Re: Discussie over vitamine D

Bericht door Eekhoorn »

Amethist schreef: 03 dec 2017, 11:16 Uiteindelijk is het zo dat bij coeliakie de darmen de nodige vitamines niet meer opnemen waardoor er een chronisch tekort komt.
Even om misverstanden te voorkomen: tenzij je een supplement met vitamine D gebruikt, komt het leeuwendeel van je vitamine D binnen via het zonlicht dat op je huid schijnt, niet via je voedsel. Alleen vette vis bevat van nature behoorlijk wat vitamine D. De opname via de darmen is bij vitamine D dus niet zo belangrijk.
Bella
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Lid geworden op: 04 jul 2014, 12:01

Re: Discussie over vitamine D

Bericht door Bella »

Dat zou ik willen nuanceren.
Afgezien van landarbeiders en andere buitenmensen krijgen wij hier in Nederland maar moeilijk voldoende vitamine D binnen van de zon, wat maakt dat opname uit voeding belangrijker wordt.

Dus ja, eet vette vis, en groene groente (magnesium dat opname D bevordert) en grijp met zoveel mogelijk bloot de zon als die het hoogst staat, zo rond het middaguur.

Groet,
Bella
Altijd nuchter bloedprikken: niet eten, geen schildklierhormoon slikken en zo vroeg mogelijk.
Dat geeft de betrouwbaarste waarden.
Bella
Berichten: 223
Lid geworden op: 04 jul 2014, 12:01

Re: Discussie over vitamine D

Bericht door Bella »

Tuurlijk niet rambam de zon in. In gekookte kreeft heeft niemand trek :lol:

Bedoelde meer, pak wat je pakken kan. Alles draagt bij. En is het niet genoeg, dan extra erbij nemen, vooral in de winter.

Met een waarschuwing namens m’n stokpaardje (primaire hyperparathyreoïdie): ga nooit zomaar vitamine D slikken bij een tekort, altijd ook even calcium checken.

http://www.parathyroid.com/low-vitamin-d.htm

Groet,
Bella
Altijd nuchter bloedprikken: niet eten, geen schildklierhormoon slikken en zo vroeg mogelijk.
Dat geeft de betrouwbaarste waarden.
Eekhoorn
Berichten: 162
Lid geworden op: 13 okt 2013, 12:09

Re: Discussie over vitamine D

Bericht door Eekhoorn »

BB1100XX schreef: 05 dec 2017, 17:42 zonder spf zon bescherming neem ik aan??
Liefst zonder bescherming (smeersels houden idd heel veel UV-B tegen) en met zoveel mogelijk blote huid, maar wel kort. En rustig opbouwen. Denk aan je huidtype.

In de zomertijd in NL staat de zon om 13.45 uur op het hoogste punt. Hoe hoger de zon staat, hoe groter het aandeel UV-B in het zonlicht. UV-B maakt vitamine D aan. Het zonlicht bevat ook UV-A, dat zorgt wel voor veroudering van de huid maar maakt geen vitamine D aan.

In de winter staat de zon in NL te laag om vitamine D aan te kunnen maken. Het 'vitamine D-seizoen' begint hier begin april en eindigt half oktober.
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laura
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Re: Discussie over vitamine D

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High-Dose Vitamin D: Helpful or Harmful?
Karen E. Hansen

If the optimal serum 25(OH)D level for skeletal health is ≥30 ng/mL, then vitamin D insufficiency is widespread, affecting approximately 75% of adults based on a recent survey of over 20,000 Americans. However, after a comprehensive analysis of existing research studies, the Institute of Medicine recently concluded that nearly all individuals are vitamin D replete when their 25(OH)D levels are ≥20 ng/mL.

Furthermore, two recent publications challenge the belief that 25(OH)D levels >30 ng/mL are optimal for bone health. In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, high-dose once yearly vitamin D therapy increased fractures and falls. The second study reported that high-dose vitamin D did not reduce levels of parathyroid hormone or bone resorption among adults with 25(OH)D levels <32 ng/mL at baseline. It is time to question whether serum 25(OH)D levels ≥30 ng/mL are necessary for all individuals.
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Re: Discussie over vitamine D

Bericht door laura »

BB1100XX schreef: 05 dec 2017, 20:40 Dat ben ik eindelijk aan het overwinnen!
time for a change!
Wat goed!
laura

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Re: Discussie over vitamine D

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Association Between Calcium or Vitamin D Supplementation and Fracture Incidence in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis | Jia-Guo Zhao, Xian-Tie Zeng, Jia Wang, Lin Liu

Importance The increased social and economic burdens for osteoporosis-related fractures worldwide make the prevention of such injuries a major public health goal. Previous studies have reached mixed conclusions regarding the association between calcium, vitamin D, or combined calcium and vitamin D supplements and fracture incidence in older adults.

Objective To investigate whether calcium, vitamin D, or combined calcium and vitamin D supplements are associated with a lower fracture incidence in community-dwelling older adults.

Data Sources The PubMed, Cochrane library, and EMBASE databases were systematically searched from the inception dates to December 24, 2016, using the keywords calcium, vitamin D, and fracture to identify systematic reviews or meta-analyses. The primary randomized clinical trials included in systematic reviews or meta-analyses were identified, and an additional search for recently published randomized trials was performed from July 16, 2012, to July 16, 2017.

Study Selection Randomized clinical trials comparing calcium, vitamin D, or combined calcium and vitamin D supplements with a placebo or no treatment for fracture incidence in community-dwelling adults older than 50 years.

Data Extraction and Synthesis Two independent reviewers performed the data extraction and assessed study quality. A meta-analysis was performed to calculate risk ratios (RRs), absolute risk differences (ARDs), and 95% CIs using random-effects models.

Main Outcomes and Measures Hip fracture was defined as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were nonvertebral fracture, vertebral fracture, and total fracture.

Results A total of 33 randomized trials involving 51 145 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria. There was no significant association of calcium or vitamin D with risk of hip fracture compared with placebo or no treatment (calcium: RR, 1.53 [95% CI, 0.97 to 2.42]; ARD, 0.01 [95% CI, 0.00 to 0.01]; vitamin D: RR, 1.21 [95% CI, 0.99 to 1.47]; ARD, 0.00 [95% CI, −0.00 to 0.01]. There was no significant association of combined calcium and vitamin D with hip fracture compared with placebo or no treatment (RR, 1.09 [95% CI, 0.85 to 1.39]; ARD, 0.00 [95% CI, −0.00 to 0.00]). No significant associations were found between calcium, vitamin D, or combined calcium and vitamin D supplements and the incidence of nonvertebral, vertebral, or total fractures. Subgroup analyses showed that these results were generally consistent regardless of the calcium or vitamin D dose, sex, fracture history, dietary calcium intake, and baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration.

Conclusions and Relevance In this meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials, the use of supplements that included calcium, vitamin D, or both compared with placebo or no treatment was not associated with a lower risk of fractures among community-dwelling older adults. These findings do not support the routine use of these supplements in community-dwelling older people.
laura

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laura
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Re: Discussie over vitamine D

Bericht door laura »

hallo Eekhoorn,

Kun jij iets vertellen over de huidige stand van zaken rond vitamine D?
Wat is bijvoorbeeld een veilige dosis?
En hoe zit het met de halfwaardetijd?

Ik las van iemand dat zij 5000 IE per dag slikte.
Is dat niet heel veel?
laura

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laura
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Re: Discussie over vitamine D

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Patient education: Vitamin D deficiency (Beyond the Basics)

Author: Marc K Drezner, MD
Section Editor: Clifford J Rosen, MD
Deputy Editor: Jean E Mulder, MD

Contributor Disclosures
All topics are updated as new evidence becomes available and our peer review process is complete.
Literature review current through: Feb 2019. | This topic last updated: Feb 08, 2019.

INTRODUCTION

Vitamin D plays an important role in many places throughout the body, including the development and calcification of the bones.

Adequate exposure to sunlight and the use of dairy products with vitamin D have significantly reduced the incidence of vitamin D deficiency. However, vitamin D deficiency is still a common problem in many populations, particularly older adults.

This topic reviews the major causes of vitamin D deficiency, including how it is diagnosed and treated, and safe ways to prevent vitamin D deficiency.

WHAT IS VITAMIN D?

Vitamin D is an oil-soluble vitamin that has several important functions in the body:

●It helps to absorb dietary calcium and phosphorus from the intestines.

●It suppresses the release of parathyroid hormone, a hormone that causes bone resorption.

Through these actions, vitamin D keeps the calcium and phosphate levels in the blood normal, thereby promoting bone health. Vitamin D may have other benefits, such as improving muscle and immune function, but these areas require more research.

Natural sources of vitamin D — Vitamin D is made in the skin under the influence of sunlight. The amount of sunlight needed to synthesize adequate amounts of vitamin D varies, depending upon the person's age, skin color, sun exposure, and underlying medical problems. The production of vitamin D from the skin decreases with age. In addition, people who have darker skin need more sun exposure to produce adequate amounts of vitamin D, especially during the winter months.

Another important source of vitamin D is foods, where it may occur naturally (in fatty fish, cod liver oil, and [to a lesser extent] eggs). In the United States, commercially fortified cow's milk is the largest source of dietary vitamin D, containing approximately 100 international units (2.5 micrograms) of vitamin D per 8 ounces. Vitamin D intake, in international units, can be estimated by multiplying the number of cups of milk consumed per day by 100 (two cups milk = 200 international units vitamin D). In other parts of the world, cereals and bread products are often fortified with vitamin D.

Although vitamin D is found in cod liver oil, some fish oils also contain high doses of vitamin A. Excessive vitamin A intake can be associated with side effects, including liver damage and fractures.

CAUSES OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY

The main reasons for low levels of vitamin D are:

●Lack of vitamin D in the diet, often in conjunction with inadequate sun exposure

●Inability to absorb vitamin D from the intestines

●Inability to process vitamin D due to kidney or liver disease

Inadequate intake — Infants, children, and older adults are at risk for low vitamin D levels because of inadequate vitamin D intake. Human breast milk contains low levels of vitamin D, and most infant formulas do not contain adequate vitamin D. Older adults often do not consume enough vitamin D rich foods, and even when they do, absorption may be limited.

Inadequate sun exposure — Parents of infants and children are often advised to keep their child out of the sun, which reduces vitamin D synthesis from the skin. Exposure to the sun is not recommended as a source of vitamin D for infants and children, due to the potential long-term risks of skin cancer. (See "Patient education: Sunburn (Beyond the Basics)".)

Adults who have limited sun exposure are also at increased risk of vitamin D deficiency, especially if their skin is dark. In addition, reduced amounts of vitamin D are made in the skin and stored in the body as we age. This is especially true in the winter months in some northern areas, such as Boston, Massachusetts and Edmonton, Alberta, where the skin virtually ceases to produce vitamin D between October and April. In the summer months, the use of sunscreen limits vitamin D synthesis.

Diseases or surgery that affect fat absorption — Certain diseases affect the body's ability to absorb adequate amounts of vitamin D through the intestinal tract. Examples of these include celiac disease, Crohn's disease, and cystic fibrosis.

Surgery that removes or bypasses portions of the stomach or intestines can also lead to low vitamin D levels. An example of this type of surgery is gastric bypass. (See "Patient education: Weight loss surgery and procedures (Beyond the Basics)".)

Kidney and liver disease — The liver and kidney have important enzymes that change vitamin D from sun-exposed skin or food to the biologically active form of vitamin D. People with chronic kidney and liver disease are at increased risk of low active vitamin D levels because they have decreased levels of these enzymes.

Less common causes of vitamin D deficiency include familial or acquired diseases that impair the enzymes in the liver or kidney that create the biologically active form of the vitamin. This results in inadequate amounts of active vitamin D.

POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY

The most serious complications of vitamin D deficiency are low blood calcium (hypocalcemia), low blood phosphate (hypophosphatemia), rickets (softening of the bones during childhood), and osteomalacia (softening of the bones in adults). However, these complications have become less common over time because many foods and drinks have added vitamin D.

"Subclinical" vitamin D deficiency or vitamin D insufficiency is common and is defined as a lower than normal vitamin D level that has no visible signs or symptoms. However, vitamin D insufficiency is often associated with reduced gastrointestinal calcium absorption, decreased bone density (osteopenia or osteoporosis), and, in some cases, a mild decrease of the blood calcium level, elevated parathyroid hormone (which accelerates bone resorption), an increased risk of falls, and possibly fractures, all of which can seriously affect a person's quality of life.

Thus, identifying and treating vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency is important to maintain bone strength. Treatment may even improve the health of other body systems, such as the immune, muscular, and cardiovascular systems, although more research is needed in these areas.

DIAGNOSIS OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY

A low vitamin D level can be diagnosed with a blood test called 25-hydroxyvitamin D or 25(OH)D (OH = hydroxy, D = vitamin D). Although there is no formal definition of vitamin D deficiency, some groups use the following values in adults:

●A normal level of vitamin D is defined as a 25(OH)D concentration greater than 30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L)

●Vitamin D insufficiency is defined as a 25(OH)D concentration of 20 to 30 ng/mL (50 to 75 nmol/L)

●Vitamin D deficiency is defined as a 25(OH)D level less than 20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L)

Although there are differences of opinion regarding the 25(OH)D levels that define vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency, most experts agree that levels lower than 20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L) are suboptimal for skeletal health.

Who needs testing for vitamin D? — Testing for vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency is not recommended for everyone but may be advised for people who are home bound or in a long-term care facility (eg, nursing home); if the person has a medical condition that increases the risk of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency; and for anyone with osteoporosis or a past history of a low-trauma fracture (eg, fracture after fall from standing), low blood calcium (hypocalcemia), or phosphate (hypophosphatemia). (See "Patient education: Bone density testing (Beyond the Basics)" and "Patient education: Osteoporosis prevention and treatment (Beyond the Basics)".)

TREATMENT OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY

Vitamin D supplements — There are many types of vitamin D preparations available for the treatment of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. The two commonly available forms of vitamin D supplements are ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3). We suggest vitamin D3 when possible, rather than vitamin D2, because vitamin D3 is the naturally occurring form of the vitamin and it may raise vitamin D levels more effectively.

Dosing — The recommended dose of vitamin D depends upon the nature and severity of the vitamin D deficiency.

In people who do not have problems absorbing vitamin D:

●In people whose 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) is <10 ng/mL (25 nmol/L), treatment usually includes 50,000 international units (1250 micrograms) of vitamin D2 or D3 by mouth once or more per week for six to eight weeks, and then 800 to 1000 international units (20 to 25 micrograms), or more, of vitamin D3 daily thereafter.

●In people whose 25(OH)D is 10 to 20 ng/mL (25 to 50 nmol/L), treatment usually includes 800 to 1000 international units (20 to 25 micrograms) of vitamin D3 by mouth daily, usually for a three-month period. However, many individuals will need higher doses. The "ideal" dose of vitamin D is determined by testing the individual's 25(OH)D level and increasing the vitamin D dose if the level is not within normal limits. Once a normal level is achieved, continued therapy with 800 international units (20 micrograms) of vitamin D per day is usually recommended.

●In people whose 25(OH)D is 20 to 30 ng/mL (50 to 75 nmol/L), treatment with 600 to 800 international units (15 to 20 micrograms) of vitamin D3 by mouth daily may be sufficient to maintain levels in the target range.

●In infants and children whose 25(OH)D is <20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L), treatment usually includes 1000 to 2000 international units (25 to 50 micrograms) of vitamin D2 by mouth per day (depending on the child's age) for two to three months. Children with rickets (softening of the bones, which can be seen on an X-ray) may need higher doses of vitamin D and should have medical follow-up to ensure that the rickets resolves.

In people who have diseases or conditions that prevent them from absorbing vitamin D normally (eg, kidney or liver disease), the recommended dose of vitamin D will be determined on an individual basis.

In people whose vitamin D level is normal (>30 ng/mL [≥75 nmol/L]), a dose of 800 international units (20 micrograms) of vitamin D per day is usually recommended. (See 'Prevention of vitamin D deficiency' below.)

Do I need other vitamins or minerals? — During treatment for vitamin D deficiency, it is important to consume at least 1000 mg of calcium per day for premenopausal women and men and 1200 mg per day for postmenopausal women.

Calcium can be found in food sources (table 1) or dietary supplements (table 2). (See "Patient education: Calcium and vitamin D for bone health (Beyond the Basics)".)

Monitoring — A blood test is recommended to monitor blood levels of 25(OH)D three months after beginning treatment. The dose of vitamin D may need to be adjusted based on these results and subsequent blood levels of 25(OH)D obtained to assure that normal levels result from the adjusted dose.

Side effects — Side effects of vitamin D are uncommon unless the 25(OH)D level becomes very elevated (>100 ng/mL or 250 mmol/L) and the person is taking high dose calcium supplements. However, it is important to follow dosing instructions closely and to avoid taking multiple products that contain vitamin D (eg, multivitamin and vitamin D).

If 25(OH)D levels do become very elevated, complications such as high blood calcium levels or kidney stones can develop.

PREVENTION OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY

As mentioned previously, the amount of vitamin D you need per day to maintain a normal level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) depends upon your skin color, sun exposure, diet, and underlying medical conditions.

In general, adults are advised to take a supplement containing 800 international units (20 micrograms) of vitamin D per day to maintain a normal vitamin D level. Older people who are confined indoors may have vitamin D deficiency even at this intake level. (See 'Vitamin D supplements' above.)

All infants and children are advised to take a vitamin D supplement containing 400 international units (10 micrograms) of vitamin D, starting within days of birth. For infants and children, vitamin D is included in most nonprescription infant multivitamin drops. In some countries, it is possible to buy infant drops that contain only vitamin D. (See "Patient education: Breastfeeding guide (Beyond the Basics)" and "Patient education: Starting solid foods during infancy (Beyond the Basics)".)

Exposure to the sun or tanning beds is not recommended as a source of vitamin D, because of the risk of skin cancer.

WHERE TO GET MORE INFORMATION

Your health care provider is the best source of information for questions and concerns related to your medical problem.

This article will be updated as needed on our website (www.uptodate.com/patients). Related topics for patients, as well as selected articles written for health care professionals, are also available. Some of the most relevant are listed below.

Patient level information — UpToDate offers two types of patient education materials.

The Basics — The Basics patient education pieces answer the four or five key questions a patient might have about a given condition. These articles are best for patients who want a general overview and who prefer short, easy-to-read materials.

Patient education: Vitamin D deficiency (The Basics)
Patient education: Osteoporosis (The Basics)
Patient education: Calcium and vitamin D for bone health (The Basics)
Patient education: Vitamin supplements (The Basics)
Patient education: Vitamin D for babies and children (The Basics)
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