Op deze Engelse site info (met afbeeldingen) over hypo- en hyperparathyreoïdie te vinden en met vragen/discussies.
(Eveneens over andere ziektebeelden).
Hyperparathyroidism
http://m.patient.media/images/parathyroid%20glands.gif
What is hyperparathyroidism?
Why do we need calcium and phosphate?
What causes hyperparathyroidism?
What are the symptoms of hyperparathyroidism?
Often people with primary hyperparathyroidism either have no symptoms, or only have mild symptoms. You may only find out that you have hyperparathyroidism because blood tests that are carried out for another reason show a high level of calcium in your blood.
If you have primary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism and do develop symptoms, these are due to a high level of calcium in your blood (hypercalcaemia). They can include:
•Tiredness.
•Weak and easily tired muscles.
•Feeling sick (nausea), being sick (vomiting) and feeling off your food.
•Constipation.
•Tummy (abdominal) pain.
•Feeling very thirsty and passing urine frequently.
•Depression/low mood.
In extreme cases, if left untreated, a high calcium level can lead to confusion, loss of consciousness, heart rhythm disturbances and, rarely, death. You may also have high blood pressure if you have hyperparathyroidism. It is unclear why this happens.
If you have secondary hyperparathyroidism, your calcium level is not high but low, so you do not develop all of the symptoms described above. However, you can develop bone complications (see below) and the symptoms related to that.
Are there any complications of hyperparathyroidism?
Not everyone with hyperparathyroidism has complications. However, sometimes complications may develop. If you have primary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism, these complications are mostly due to a long-standing high level of calcium in your blood. They can include:
•Kidney stones. Small stones may be passed in the urine without you noticing. Larger stones may get stuck, causing pain in your loin area that you then feel in your groin. You may also notice blood in your urine. See separate leaflet called Kidney Stones for more details.
•Corneal calcification. Calcium can collect (be deposited) in the surface covering of your eye (cornea). This doesn't usually cause any symptoms.
•Pancreatitis. This is inflammation of your pancreas gland. Rarely, a high level of calcium due to hyperparathyroidism can cause pancreatitis. This can cause severe upper tummy (abdominal) pain. See separate leaflet called Acute Pancreatitis for more details.
•Stomach (peptic) ulceration. A high calcium level can make your stomach produce too much acid and lead to stomach ulceration. See separate leaflet called Stomach (Gastric) Ulcer for more details.
•Kidney damage. A prolonged high calcium level in your blood can damage your kidneys and cause CKD.
In all types of hyperparathyroidism (including secondary hyperparathyroidism), the increased level of parathyroid hormone circulating in your blood causes high amounts of calcium to be released from your bones. This can cause weakness and 'thinning' of your bones - a condition known as osteopenia or, if more severe, osteoporosis. Your bones may become more susceptible to breaks or fractures. See separate leaflet called Osteoporosis for more details.
How is hyperparathyroidism diagnosed?
Will I need any further investigations?
What are the treatment options for hyperparathyroidism?
Possible complications after surgery
What is the outlook (prognosis) for hyperparathyroidism?
Other advice
References
http://patient.info/health/hyperparathyroidism-leaflet
Als PDF:
http://m.patient.media/pdf/8458.pdf?v=6 ... 1426463758
Gerelateerd aan hyperparathyreoïdie
http://patient.info/health/hyperparathy ... et/related
Hypoparathyroidism
http://m.patient.media/images/parathyroid%20glands.gif
What is hypoparathyroidism?
Why does the body need calcium and phosphorus?
Who gets hypoparathyroidism?
What causes hypoparathyroidism?
-
Acquired hypoparathyroidism
- Transient hypoparathyroidism
- Congenital hypoparathyroidism
- Inherited hypoparathyroidism
- Pseudohypoparathyroidism
- Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism
What are the symptoms of hypoparathyroidism?
People experience the different symptoms of hypoparathyroidism in different ways. The symptoms are largely due to the effects of low levels of calcium in the blood.
Mild symptoms usually develop slowly and may be fleeting or they may require a small adjustment in medication (see below). Severe symptoms may come on rapidly and need urgent treatment. This may be with calcium given directly into the vein via a drip (intravenously).
Possible symptoms that may occur include:
•Muscle pains.
•Tummy (abdominal) pains.
•Tingling, vibrating, burning or numbness of the fingers, toes or face.
•Twitching of the muscles of the face.
•Carpopedal spasm (contraction, or tightening, of the muscles of the hands and feet).
•Seizures.
•Fainting.
•Confusion.
•Memory problems.
•Tiredness.
•Eyesight problems.
•Headaches.
•Brittle nails.
•Dry skin and hair.
•Painful periods.
Are there any complications of hypoparathyroidism?
Any complications that may arise are largely due to the low levels of calcium in the body. Complications can include:
•Kidney stones.
•Cataracts.
•Disturbance of the normal electrical activity of the heart. This can lead to irregularities in the heart rhythm which can in turn lead to collapse.
•Stunted growth, teeth problems and problems with mental development can occur if low calcium levels are not treated in childhood.
How is hypoparathyroidism diagnosed?
What are the aims of treatment?
What are the treatment options?
What is the outlook (prognosis)?
Can hypoparathyroidism be prevented?
Another point about hypoparathyroidism
References
http://patient.info/health/hypoparathyroidism-leaflet
Als PDF:
http://m.patient.media/pdf/7186.pdf?v=6 ... 6678325045
Gerelateerd aan hypoparathyreoïdie
http://patient.info/health/hypoparathyr ... et/related
Over de schildklier:
Hyperthyreoïdie
http://patient.info/health/overactive-t ... thyroidism
Hypothyreoïdie
http://patient.info/health/underactive- ... thyroidism
.